Вспомогательный глагол To be
Вспомогательный глагол to be в английском языке используется в 2 случаях:
1. To be используется как вспомогательный глагол для продолжительного (continuous) времени (To be +глагол + ing- окончание)
В зависимости от употребляемого времени мы ставим вспомогательный глагол to be в соответствующую форму: настоящее - am/is/are, прошлое -was/were, перфектное - have /has been и т.д.
You are reading (Present Continuous)
You were reading (Past Continuous)
I have been reading (Present Perfect Continuous)
I had been reading (Past Perfect Continuous)
You will be reading (Future Continuous)
You must be reading (infinitive)
2. To be как вспомогательный глагол для пассивного залога в английском языке (to be +Past Participle)
The books are published every year (Present)
The books were published last year (Past)
The books have been published since July (Present Perfect)
The books had been published before he talked to me (Past Perfect)
The books must be published ( infinitive)
Вспомогательный глагол to be в английском языке используется в 2 случаях:
1. To be используется как вспомогательный глагол для продолжительного (continuous) времени (To be +глагол + ing- окончание)
В зависимости от употребляемого времени мы ставим вспомогательный глагол to be в соответствующую форму: настоящее - am/is/are, прошлое -was/were, перфектное - have /has been и т.д.
You are reading (Present Continuous)
You were reading (Past Continuous)
I have been reading (Present Perfect Continuous)
I had been reading (Past Perfect Continuous)
You will be reading (Future Continuous)
You must be reading (infinitive)
2. To be как вспомогательный глагол для пассивного залога в английском языке (to be +Past Participle)
The books are published every year (Present)
The books were published last year (Past)
The books have been published since July (Present Perfect)
The books had been published before he talked to me (Past Perfect)
The books must be published ( infinitive)
Вспомогательный глагол to have
Вспомогательный глагол to have в английском языке используется в перфектных временах
Have/ had +past participle
Have you ever smoked? (Present Perfect)
She had left before he came. (Past Perfect)
I have had a car since 2001. (Present Perfect)
I would like to have known Napoleon. (Infinitive)
I will have done it by the time you get there. (Future Perfect)